Patients receiving shiatsu often learn do-in without realizing it, through the self-help exercises that their shiatsu practitioner may teach. Do-in developed in Japan and China as a self-­help health maintenance program. The practitioner will teach you exercises to encourage the flow of ki, including controlled breathing, meditation, stretching, percussion (tapping), and applying pressure to acupoints, or tsubos. A typical exercise is encircling your arm with your hand, then "pushing" ki to the fingertips and out of the body. Focusing your mind and breathing is important to renew ki in the body. Do-in is best practiced upon awakening or just before going to bed.